Wall cracks are a common issue that many homeowners face. Not only do they look unsightly and affect the aesthetics of your home, but they can also indicate a more significant problem. While some wall cracks can be easily fixed, others may indicate serious structural damage that needs immediate attention.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll discuss everything you need to know about wall cracks. We’ll start by examining the different types of cracks you may encounter in your home and the underlying causes of each. By understanding the severity of the issue, you’ll be able to take appropriate action to address the problem.
We’ll also share some tips and tricks on how to remove wall cracks and repair them effectively. Whether you’re a seasoned DIYer or a novice homeowner, we’ll provide you with all the information you need to tackle this common issue.
Let’s get started!
Table of Contents
Types Of Wall Cracks
When it comes to wall cracks, there are many different types that can occur. It’s important to note that a crack in a wall is an elongated gap that is not natural. This means that if a hole is punched in the wall, it does not qualify as a crack. However, if the wall splits or shows a visible gap, then it’s considered a crack.
Small cracks can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the natural settling of the house, temperature changes, or regular wear and tear. On the other hand, wider cracks can indicate serious structural damage and may lead to bigger problems if left unaddressed.
In this section, we’ll take a closer look at the different types of wall cracks you may encounter in your home and the potential causes for concern.
Minor Cracks:
Small wall cracks are the most common types of cracks that homeowners encounter. Hairline, vertical, and spiderweb cracks are examples of these cracks. Although they are rarely a reason for concern, it is critical to appropriately identify them so that you can take appropriate action to repair them.
Hairline Cracks:
Hairline cracks in walls are generally not a cause for concern as they are often the result of the house’s natural seasonal expansion and contraction. These cracks can be easily repaired and repainted and are commonly found near doors and windows.
Vertical Cracks:
Wall cracks that run in a vertical direction are generally caused by house settling and are known as vertical cracks. These cracks are considered to be less severe than horizontal cracks, as they run parallel to the drywall’s direction. While vertical cracks are unsightly, they are usually not a cause for concern and may be repaired with easy do-it-yourself methods.
Spiderweb Cracks:
If you notice spiderweb cracks on your drywall, there’s no need to worry. These cracks are a common occurrence and usually indicate that the drywall was applied too thickly in certain areas. As the drywall dries, it tends to shrink, which causes cracks to form in the areas where it is thickest. However, this is simply a cosmetic issue and does not affect the structural integrity of your walls.
Horizontal Cracks:
If you notice a crack running parallel to the ground in your drywall, it could be an indication of foundation problems. Poor soil beneath the foundation or water damage are some common reasons behind the formation of horizontal cracks. In concrete walls, horizontal cracks are usually an indicator of more serious issues.
When the gap between your foundation and wall widens horizontally, it could be a strong signal that your foundation has significant problems. It is essential to get your foundation repaired as soon as possible to avoid the gap from expanding.
Cracks Around Doors and Windows:
Cracks around windows and door frames can occur due to various reasons, including incorrect installation of windows or natural settling of the house. Weak plaster caused by the settlement over time can also result in cracks around windows and door frames.
If you notice a crack that’s getting wider between your door frame and wall, it is a more severe signal of significant shifting in your foundation. In such cases, seeking professional help is necessary to repair the crack in your home.
Causes Of Wall Cracks
Wall cracks can occur due to various reasons. While some cracks may be natural and harmless, others can pose a risk to your home. For instance, diagonal cracks may indicate roof truss issues, whereas hairline cracks are usually not a cause for concern. Understanding the reasons behind your wall cracks can help you assess the severity of the issue.
Settling:
One of the leading causes of wall cracks is settling, which is also the most common and least concerning type of crack. Horizontal cracks on interior or exterior walls are noticeable signs of settling, which typically occur in new homes during the first year.
In most cases, settling manifests as small cracks, and while thinner ones may not pose a significant threat, it’s essential to address them promptly. Such cracks typically appear around doorways and are unlikely to cause structural damage. Nevertheless, it’s advisable to fix them as soon as possible.
Temperature Changes:
Temperature fluctuations can have a big impact on the formation and severity of wall cracks. During hot temperatures, walls tend to expand, and during colder temperatures, they contract. This constant expansion and contraction can cause stress on the wall, leading to cracks.
Faulty Taping:
During the installation of drywall panels, paper tape is used to cover the drywall compound. However, if an insufficient amount of compound is applied, the tape may not adhere securely to the wall. This can result in the tape pulling away from the wall over time, ultimately causing unsightly cracks to form.
Impact of Earthquakes and Vibrations:
Buildings can develop cracks due to any sudden, forceful movement, such as those caused by earthquakes. Therefore, if you notice any cracks in your house after an earthquake, it’s crucial to have them examined to determine whether they are indicative of more severe structural damage. Taking immediate action can prevent further harm and keep your home safe.
Water Leaks:
While water damage may not always result in wall cracks, it can still pose a significant problem as it can cause cracks and other serious issues. Water leaks require prompt attention; otherwise, they could lead to foundation damage in the future. This is because water can weaken the wall, making it more prone to tears as it swells and warps.
Fixing water damage is typically the most costly type of repair as it often entails removing the affected wall and identifying the root cause of the issue. This process is time-consuming and requires a significant financial investment, but it’s a necessary step to protect your home from further damage.
Wall Crack Repair Products and Tools
- Scraper
- Putty Knife or Penknife
- Hammer
- Chisel
- Gap Filler or Sealant
- Caulking Gun
- Joint Compound
- Self-Adhesive Fibreglass Mesh Tape
- Fine-Grit Sandpaper
- Paint
- Paintbrush
How To Repair Wall Cracks
Minor wall cracks are a typical problem that can be easily repaired with a few simple procedures. By taking the time to repair these cracks, you can ensure that your home remains structurally sound and looks its best.
Step 1: Enlarge the Crack
To repair wall cracks the first step is to enlarge the crack using a scraper, putty knife or penknife. For concrete walls, you may require a hammer and chisel. Widening the gap allows you to remove any dirt or debris that may impede the repair process. It also enables the gap filler, sealant, or compound to fill the crack properly.
Step 2: Clean the Crack
Once you’ve successfully widened the crack, it’s time to clean it thoroughly. Remove any loose dirt, paint, or plaster from the crack with a scraper or putty knife. Clean the crack thoroughly with a stiff brush to remove any remaining dust or dirt. This will ensure that the patching compound adheres to the wall properly.
Step 3: Apply the Gap Filler or Sealant
Next, apply the gap filler or sealant to the crack using a caulking gun. This step requires precision, and it’s essential to fill the crack completely. Be sure to apply the filler in a smooth, continuous motion, and ensure that it covers the entire crack. For larger cracks, you may need to apply multiple layers of the filler or sealant, allowing each layer to dry before applying the next one.
Step 4: Sand and Paint
Once the surface has dried, use fine-grit sandpaper to smooth the surface, ensuring that it’s even and flush with the surrounding wall surface. After sanding, apply a coat of paint to match the surrounding wall colour, and allow it to dry completely.
That’s all! You should be able to repair wall cracks and restore the appearance of your walls by following these instructions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Wall Cracks a Normal Occurrence?
It is normal for walls to develop small cracks over time due to the natural settling of a building or changes in temperature and humidity. However, if you notice that the cracks are widening, becoming more frequent, or being accompanied by other signs of structural damage, it’s important to have the issue inspected by a professional. In general, regular maintenance and inspection can help prevent small cracks from turning into bigger problems.
Is it Possible to Repair Wall Cracks Without Professional Assistance?
Yes, you can repair wall cracks on your own. Minor wall cracks, which are less than 1/8 inch wide, can be easily repaired using simple techniques and tools. However, if the cracks are wider or are a result of serious structural issues, it’s best to seek professional help.
What are the Most Effective Solutions for Fixing Wall Cracks?
The best solution for wall cracks depends on the severity of the crack. For minor cracks, using a joint compound to fill in the crack and then sanding and painting over it can be effective.
For larger cracks or those that indicate a more serious structural issue, it’s important to consult a professional to determine the appropriate solution.
